Review Article
The Role of Myelogram in the Diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Neoplasms
Arrama Hamza*,
Bouchara Arwa,
Loubadi Youssef,
Dakki Youssef,
Orchi Ilham,
Essahli Khadija,
Kahouli Sophia,
Zahid Hafid
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
17-26
Received:
13 February 2026
Accepted:
2 March 2026
Published:
23 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ejcbs.20261202.11
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Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) constitute a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders, characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral cytopenias, and a risk of progression to acute leukemia. We report the results of a retrospective descriptive study of 100 MDS cases diagnosed at the hematology laboratory of HMIMV in Rabat over a 7-year period (January 2018 to December 2024), using a standardized data collection form for epidemiological, clinical, and biological data. The main objective of this work was to analyze the diagnostic contribution of bone marrow examination in MDS, specifying its indications and the main abnormalities observed. The mean age at diagnosis was 69 years (range: 41-93 years), with a moderate male predominance (sex ratio = 1.38). Clinically, anemic syndrome was the most frequent presenting manifestation (70%), followed by hemorrhagic manifestations (12%) and infectious manifestations (10%). Biological analysis revealed anemia in 90% of patients (mean hemoglobin: 9 g/dL), thrombocytopenia in 63% of cases, and leukopenia in 42% of cases. The anemia was normocytic in 55.6% of cases, macrocytic in 33.3%, and microcytic in 11.1%. Bone marrow examination revealed dyserythropoiesis in 92% of patients, dysgranulopoiesis in 65% of cases, and dysmegakaryopoiesis in 45% of cases. The median percentage of bone marrow blasts was 4.89%. According to the 2016 WHO classification, MDS-MLD were the most frequent (48%), followed by MDS-EB1 (21%) and MDS-EB2 (12%). The results of this study are consistent with national and international literature data, confirming the central role of bone marrow examination in MDS diagnosis and highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management of these complex hematological malignancies.
Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) constitute a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders, characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral cytopenias, and a risk of progression to acute leukemia. We report the results of a retrospective descriptive study of 100 MDS cases diagnosed at the hematology laboratory of HMIMV in R...
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