Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats
Chima Innocent Ugbor,
Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka,
Charles Ikechukwu Ezema,
Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu,
Benson Eihebholoria Omijie,
Solomon Nwanze Ekoh,
Basil Nnaemeka Obodo,
Kenneth Emeka Udeme
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2021
Pages:
21-26
Received:
28 August 2020
Accepted:
13 October 2020
Published:
22 March 2021
Abstract: In Nigeria, tobacco snuff is the powdered form of smokeless tobacco blended with potash as its main additive. It has been discovered to have several adverse health effects, though perceived by many as safe. In this eight-week study, the effect of tobacco snuff consumption on body weight, physical observation and growth performance of Wistar rats were investigated. This study involved (42) Adult Wistar rats weighing 150-300g. They were divided into groups of tests and control, group A serving as control, while groups B, C and D of 12 Wister rats each served as the test groups. The test groups were further divided into subgroups (1, 2, 3 and 4) representing four experimental phases of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively. The rats were fed with varying doses of tobacco snuff, while the control group (A) received feed pallets and water ad libitum. Throughout the study, serial physical and behavioural changes of the rats were recorded as well as the body weights of the rats before sacrifice. Results showed statistically significant weight changes in the test groups throughout the study period as compared with the control. On growth performance, there was an average daily growths increase in the control but decreased in the test groups in a dosage and duration dependent manner. Our findings however, indicate that tobacco snuff has the potentials of body weight reduction and could induce severe growth retardation with adversities.
Abstract: In Nigeria, tobacco snuff is the powdered form of smokeless tobacco blended with potash as its main additive. It has been discovered to have several adverse health effects, though perceived by many as safe. In this eight-week study, the effect of tobacco snuff consumption on body weight, physical observation and growth performance of Wistar rats we...
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A Cross-sectional Survey of Job Stress Among Nurses Working at National Hospital Trauma Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
Onyedika Godfrey Okoye,
Oluwole Olayemi Olaomi,
Uchenna Elizabeth Okoye,
Uduak-Enimose Onaghise
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2021
Pages:
27-32
Received:
16 April 2021
Accepted:
3 May 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: Background: Job stress is recognized world-wide as a major challenge to workers’ health and their organizations. This study is intended to determine the work stress among nurses working in a Nigerian dedicated trauma centre. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at the trauma centre of a Nigerian tertiary institution from August to November 2017. All the nurses working in the trauma centre were included in the study. A structured, self administered questionnaire was used as the survey instrument. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. Results were presented in tables and figures. Results: A total of 80 nurses were enrolled in the survey with male to female ratio of 0.1, mean age of 34±2.3 and modal age group of 31-40years. The mean PSS was high (28.2). The major identified stressors were work load (50%) and lack of consumables (22.5%). Depression (2.5%) was recorded only in female respondents. Despite the high PSS, none of the respondents has had any psychological counselling in the past year. Conclusion: The perceived stress scale among the studied population was high, with virtually no formal Psychological support. Efforts should be made to include regular psychological counseling in this group of people. A follow up study is strongly recommended.
Abstract: Background: Job stress is recognized world-wide as a major challenge to workers’ health and their organizations. This study is intended to determine the work stress among nurses working in a Nigerian dedicated trauma centre. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at the trauma centre of a Nigerian tertiary institution from August to N...
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Establishment of Microbial Limit Test for Hospital Preparation ‘Compound Alum Powder’
Fangming Tan,
Minna Huang,
Suishan Qiu,
Zhuanzhi Liang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2021
Pages:
33-36
Received:
22 April 2021
Accepted:
11 May 2021
Published:
21 May 2021
Abstract: Background: the assessment of microbiological quality of medicinal products is one of control stages in medicinal products saft, because the holder of a manufacturing authorization must drug so as to ensure that they are fit for their intended use, comply with the requirements of the Marketing Authorization and do not place patients at risk due to inadequate safety, quality or efficacy. Objective: To assess microbial limit test for hospital preparation ‘compound alum powder’. Methods: The results of strain culture and analysis were used to evaluate the drug quality of ‘compound alum powder’. The objective is ‘compound alum powder’ (approval number: Z20140229) was made by the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University. Their batch numbers include: 201019, 200818, 200701. Validation tests were carried out in accordance with the standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). Three parallel independent validations were conducted to calculate the recovery rate of each test bacterium and investigate whether each test bacterium was detected in the control bacterial inspection. Result: The recovery ratio of the total number of aerobic bacteria, molds and yeast in the control group was in the range of 0.5 ~ 2, and the results of the control group were positive, and the results of each control group met the requirements. The results show that the membrane filtration method is suitable for the microbial limit test of ‘compound alum powder’. Conclusion: this microbial limit test method control and ensure the quality of drug production by solving the problem of interference of antimicrobial components in drugs. It can eliminate the bacteriostasis of boric acid, phenol and alum.
Abstract: Background: the assessment of microbiological quality of medicinal products is one of control stages in medicinal products saft, because the holder of a manufacturing authorization must drug so as to ensure that they are fit for their intended use, comply with the requirements of the Marketing Authorization and do not place patients at risk due to ...
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