Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico

Marco Hugo Sánchez Bustillos; Luis Héctor Basurto Campos; Jorge López Leal

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12

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Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico

Marco Hugo Sánchez Bustillos^*

, Luis Héctor Basurto Campos

, Jorge López Leal

Published in European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 5)

Received: 25 November 2025 Accepted: 11 December 2025 Published: 31 December 2025

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Abstract

"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with alterations in blood pressure (BP) regulation, influencing hypertension (HTN) control and increasing cardiovascular risk, with three nocturnal BP patterns described: a 10–20% decrease (“dipper”), a 0–10% decrease (“non-dipper”), or an increase during sleep (“riser”). This analytical cross-sectional observational study aimed to identify the distribution of dipper, non-dipper, and riser phenotypes in patients with untreated mild OSA evaluated at UMAA No. 68, Chihuahua. Patients with a diagnosis of mild OSA who were not receiving CPAP therapy were included, and data from 2021–2023 were obtained from the pulmonology service. Twenty-four–hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed, and SPSS v26 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 70 patients were analyzed (mean age 54.46 ± 15.9 years; 55.7% women), with hypertension documented in 31.4% of participants; overall, 82.9% exhibited a dipper phenotype and 17.1% a riser phenotype. The dipper phenotype predominated among patients with untreated mild OSA, while the riser phenotype was present in 17.1% of cases-approximately twice the prevalence reported in the general population-suggesting that nocturnal BP phenotype should be considered a relevant clinical feature in this population."

Published in	European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12
Page(s)	73-77
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Hypertension, Dipper Phenotype, Riser, Reverse Dipper, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM), Obesity, CPAP

References

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[4]	Kario K, Hettrick DA, Mahfoud F, et al. Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Induced Neurogenic Nocturnal Hypertension: A Potential Role of Renal Denervation? Hypertension. 2021; 77(4): 1047-1060. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16378
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[6]	Kario K, et al. Nighttime blood pressure phenotype and cardiovascular prognosis in the JAMP study. Circulation. 2020; 142(19): 1810–1820. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044104
[7]	Lo SH, et al. Nocturnal blood pressure patterns and mortality in Asian hypertensive populations. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021; 23: 1951–1959. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14250
[8]	Du Y, et al. Riser pattern and cardiovascular outcomes in coronary heart disease. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2024. (Ahead of print).
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[13]	Martínez-García MA, et al. Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension and sleep apnea: The HIPARCO randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013; 310(22): 2407–2415. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281250
[14]	Duarte RL, Magalhães-da-Silva T, et al. CPAP reduces nocturnal blood pressure and sympathetic activity in patients with OSA: The RHOOSAS Trial. Front Neurol. 2018; 9: 318. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00318
[15]	Cuspidi C, Tadic M, Sala C, Gherbesi E, Grassi G, Mancia G. Blood Pressure Non-Dipping and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2019; 8(9): 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091367
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APA Style

Bustillos, M. H. S., Campos, L. H. B., Leal, J. L. (2025). Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 11(5), 73-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12

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ACS Style

Bustillos, M. H. S.; Campos, L. H. B.; Leal, J. L. Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2025, 11(5), 73-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12

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AMA Style

Bustillos MHS, Campos LHB, Leal JL. Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2025;11(5):73-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12,
  author = {Marco Hugo Sánchez Bustillos and Luis Héctor Basurto Campos and Jorge López Leal},
  title = {Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {73-77},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20251105.12},
  abstract = {"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with alterations in blood pressure (BP) regulation, influencing hypertension (HTN) control and increasing cardiovascular risk, with three nocturnal BP patterns described: a 10–20% decrease (“dipper”), a 0–10% decrease (“non-dipper”), or an increase during sleep (“riser”). This analytical cross-sectional observational study aimed to identify the distribution of dipper, non-dipper, and riser phenotypes in patients with untreated mild OSA evaluated at UMAA No. 68, Chihuahua. Patients with a diagnosis of mild OSA who were not receiving CPAP therapy were included, and data from 2021–2023 were obtained from the pulmonology service. Twenty-four–hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed, and SPSS v26 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 70 patients were analyzed (mean age 54.46 ± 15.9 years; 55.7% women), with hypertension documented in 31.4% of participants; overall, 82.9% exhibited a dipper phenotype and 17.1% a riser phenotype. The dipper phenotype predominated among patients with untreated mild OSA, while the riser phenotype was present in 17.1% of cases-approximately twice the prevalence reported in the general population-suggesting that nocturnal BP phenotype should be considered a relevant clinical feature in this population."},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico
AU  - Marco Hugo Sánchez Bustillos
AU  - Luis Héctor Basurto Campos
AU  - Jorge López Leal
Y1  - 2025/12/31
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 73
EP  - 77
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12
AB  - "Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with alterations in blood pressure (BP) regulation, influencing hypertension (HTN) control and increasing cardiovascular risk, with three nocturnal BP patterns described: a 10–20% decrease (“dipper”), a 0–10% decrease (“non-dipper”), or an increase during sleep (“riser”). This analytical cross-sectional observational study aimed to identify the distribution of dipper, non-dipper, and riser phenotypes in patients with untreated mild OSA evaluated at UMAA No. 68, Chihuahua. Patients with a diagnosis of mild OSA who were not receiving CPAP therapy were included, and data from 2021–2023 were obtained from the pulmonology service. Twenty-four–hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed, and SPSS v26 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 70 patients were analyzed (mean age 54.46 ± 15.9 years; 55.7% women), with hypertension documented in 31.4% of participants; overall, 82.9% exhibited a dipper phenotype and 17.1% a riser phenotype. The dipper phenotype predominated among patients with untreated mild OSA, while the riser phenotype was present in 17.1% of cases-approximately twice the prevalence reported in the general population-suggesting that nocturnal BP phenotype should be considered a relevant clinical feature in this population."
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Marco Hugo Sánchez Bustillos

Ambulatory Medical Care Unit No. 68 (UMAA 68), Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Chihuahua, Mexico

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0005-3234-5702
Luis Héctor Basurto Campos

Family Medicine Unit No. 33, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Chihuahua, Mexico

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1990-7912
Jorge López Leal

Center for Simulation for Clinical and Surgical Excellence, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6342-6733

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APA Style

Bustillos, M. H. S., Campos, L. H. B., Leal, J. L. (2025). Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 11(5), 73-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12

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ACS Style

Bustillos, M. H. S.; Campos, L. H. B.; Leal, J. L. Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2025, 11(5), 73-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12

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AMA Style

Bustillos MHS, Campos LHB, Leal JL. Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2025;11(5):73-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12,
  author = {Marco Hugo Sánchez Bustillos and Luis Héctor Basurto Campos and Jorge López Leal},
  title = {Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {73-77},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20251105.12},
  abstract = {"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with alterations in blood pressure (BP) regulation, influencing hypertension (HTN) control and increasing cardiovascular risk, with three nocturnal BP patterns described: a 10–20% decrease (“dipper”), a 0–10% decrease (“non-dipper”), or an increase during sleep (“riser”). This analytical cross-sectional observational study aimed to identify the distribution of dipper, non-dipper, and riser phenotypes in patients with untreated mild OSA evaluated at UMAA No. 68, Chihuahua. Patients with a diagnosis of mild OSA who were not receiving CPAP therapy were included, and data from 2021–2023 were obtained from the pulmonology service. Twenty-four–hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed, and SPSS v26 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 70 patients were analyzed (mean age 54.46 ± 15.9 years; 55.7% women), with hypertension documented in 31.4% of participants; overall, 82.9% exhibited a dipper phenotype and 17.1% a riser phenotype. The dipper phenotype predominated among patients with untreated mild OSA, while the riser phenotype was present in 17.1% of cases-approximately twice the prevalence reported in the general population-suggesting that nocturnal BP phenotype should be considered a relevant clinical feature in this population."},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico
AU  - Marco Hugo Sánchez Bustillos
AU  - Luis Héctor Basurto Campos
AU  - Jorge López Leal
Y1  - 2025/12/31
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 73
EP  - 77
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20251105.12
AB  - "Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with alterations in blood pressure (BP) regulation, influencing hypertension (HTN) control and increasing cardiovascular risk, with three nocturnal BP patterns described: a 10–20% decrease (“dipper”), a 0–10% decrease (“non-dipper”), or an increase during sleep (“riser”). This analytical cross-sectional observational study aimed to identify the distribution of dipper, non-dipper, and riser phenotypes in patients with untreated mild OSA evaluated at UMAA No. 68, Chihuahua. Patients with a diagnosis of mild OSA who were not receiving CPAP therapy were included, and data from 2021–2023 were obtained from the pulmonology service. Twenty-four–hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed, and SPSS v26 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 70 patients were analyzed (mean age 54.46 ± 15.9 years; 55.7% women), with hypertension documented in 31.4% of participants; overall, 82.9% exhibited a dipper phenotype and 17.1% a riser phenotype. The dipper phenotype predominated among patients with untreated mild OSA, while the riser phenotype was present in 17.1% of cases-approximately twice the prevalence reported in the general population-suggesting that nocturnal BP phenotype should be considered a relevant clinical feature in this population."
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
ER  -

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