Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday; Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa; Clement Ezeaku Anikezie; Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy; Victoria Ada Abodenyi; Eduzor Esther; Samuel Emmanuel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13

Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday, Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa, Clement Ezeaku Anikezie, Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy, Victoria Ada Abodenyi, Eduzor Esther, Samuel Emmanuel

Published in European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 3 February 2023 Accepted: 28 February 2023 Published: 11 April 2023

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Abstract

Four groups of rats (three in each cage) were fed with conventional feed, supplemented with known percentages of crushed garlic paste – thoroughly mixed (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%). A fifth group – control was fed with garlic free feed. In the second phase of the work, three groups of three rats each, were kept in separate cages and fed with conventional rat feeds supplemented with 5% fresh garlic which was incooperated into the feed as (i) garlic water extract – sample G (ii) garlic paste/honey mix – sample H (iii) crushed garlic paste – sample I. The rats in both phases were fed for twenty one (21) days, during which period the weights, feed intake and weight of droppings were recorded at three days’ intervals. The blood samples of the experimental rats were also harvested at the end of 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. Result of the preliminary experiments showed that group A rats (fed with 5% garlic supplemented feed) had a significantly lower level of total cholesterol 6.5 Mmol/ml compared to 7.3Mmol/ml of the control (group E). In the second phase, the 5% garlic incooperated as crushed garlic, recorded low density lipoprotein (LDL) of 0.5 Mmol/ml compared to 1.2 and 1.1 Mmol/ml shown respectively by the control an d group C (garlic water extract) groups respectively. Ingesting or applying garlic in different therapeutic forms was shown or demonstrated to be capable of producing different results with regards to studied lipid parameters.

Published in	European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13
Page(s)	13-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Garlic, Traditional Therapies, Combinations Impact, Lipid Parameters, Atherosclerosis

References

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[5]	Eidi A, Eidi M, Esmaeili E (2000). Antidiabetic effect of garlic (allium sativum l) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomed. 13 (9): 624-629.
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[15]	Sumioka I, Hayama M, Shimokawa Y, Shiraishi S, Tokunaga A (2006). Lipid lowering effect of monascus garlic fermented extract (MGFE) in hyperlipidaemia subjects. Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. 55 (2): 59-64.
[16]	Tolman K G, Rej R (1999) Liver functionin: Burtis C A, Ashwood E R; editors: Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry. PA: WB Saunders company, 1999: 1125-1177.
[17]	Yaugzheng Lu, Xiaolin cui, Chris J and Junna Tang (2022). Functional role of Lipoprotein in atherosclerosis. Aging Disfunction. Apr. 13 (2): 491-520. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. doi 10.14336/AD.2021.0929.

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Uhiara Ngozi Sunday, Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa, Clement Ezeaku Anikezie, Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy, Victoria Ada Abodenyi, et al. (2023). Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 9(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13

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Uhiara Ngozi Sunday; Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa; Clement Ezeaku Anikezie; Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy; Victoria Ada Abodenyi, et al. Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2023, 9(1), 13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13

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AMA Style

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday, Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa, Clement Ezeaku Anikezie, Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy, Victoria Ada Abodenyi, et al. Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2023;9(1):13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13,
  author = {Uhiara Ngozi Sunday and Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa and Clement Ezeaku Anikezie and Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy and Victoria Ada Abodenyi and Eduzor Esther and Samuel Emmanuel},
  title = {Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20230901.13},
  abstract = {Four groups of rats (three in each cage) were fed with conventional feed, supplemented with known percentages of crushed garlic paste – thoroughly mixed (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%). A fifth group – control was fed with garlic free feed. In the second phase of the work, three groups of three rats each, were kept in separate cages and fed with conventional rat feeds supplemented with 5% fresh garlic which was incooperated into the feed as (i) garlic water extract – sample G (ii) garlic paste/honey mix – sample H (iii) crushed garlic paste – sample I. The rats in both phases were fed for twenty one (21) days, during which period the weights, feed intake and weight of droppings were recorded at three days’ intervals. The blood samples of the experimental rats were also harvested at the end of 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. Result of the preliminary experiments showed that group A rats (fed with 5% garlic supplemented feed) had a significantly lower level of total cholesterol 6.5 Mmol/ml compared to 7.3Mmol/ml of the control (group E). In the second phase, the 5% garlic incooperated as crushed garlic, recorded low density lipoprotein (LDL) of 0.5 Mmol/ml compared to 1.2 and 1.1 Mmol/ml shown respectively by the control an d group C (garlic water extract) groups respectively. Ingesting or applying garlic in different therapeutic forms was shown or demonstrated to be capable of producing different results with regards to studied lipid parameters.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis
AU  - Uhiara Ngozi Sunday
AU  - Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa
AU  - Clement Ezeaku Anikezie
AU  - Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy
AU  - Victoria Ada Abodenyi
AU  - Eduzor Esther
AU  - Samuel Emmanuel
Y1  - 2023/04/11
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 13
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13
AB  - Four groups of rats (three in each cage) were fed with conventional feed, supplemented with known percentages of crushed garlic paste – thoroughly mixed (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%). A fifth group – control was fed with garlic free feed. In the second phase of the work, three groups of three rats each, were kept in separate cages and fed with conventional rat feeds supplemented with 5% fresh garlic which was incooperated into the feed as (i) garlic water extract – sample G (ii) garlic paste/honey mix – sample H (iii) crushed garlic paste – sample I. The rats in both phases were fed for twenty one (21) days, during which period the weights, feed intake and weight of droppings were recorded at three days’ intervals. The blood samples of the experimental rats were also harvested at the end of 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. Result of the preliminary experiments showed that group A rats (fed with 5% garlic supplemented feed) had a significantly lower level of total cholesterol 6.5 Mmol/ml compared to 7.3Mmol/ml of the control (group E). In the second phase, the 5% garlic incooperated as crushed garlic, recorded low density lipoprotein (LDL) of 0.5 Mmol/ml compared to 1.2 and 1.1 Mmol/ml shown respectively by the control an d group C (garlic water extract) groups respectively. Ingesting or applying garlic in different therapeutic forms was shown or demonstrated to be capable of producing different results with regards to studied lipid parameters.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday

Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa

Department of Agricultural Engineering Tech, School of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Clement Ezeaku Anikezie

Department of Agricultural Engineering Tech, School of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Victoria Ada Abodenyi

Department of Agricultural Engineering Tech, School of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Eduzor Esther

Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Samuel Emmanuel

Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria

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APA Style

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday, Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa, Clement Ezeaku Anikezie, Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy, Victoria Ada Abodenyi, et al. (2023). Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 9(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13

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ACS Style

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday; Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa; Clement Ezeaku Anikezie; Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy; Victoria Ada Abodenyi, et al. Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2023, 9(1), 13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13

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AMA Style

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday, Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa, Clement Ezeaku Anikezie, Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy, Victoria Ada Abodenyi, et al. Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2023;9(1):13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13,
  author = {Uhiara Ngozi Sunday and Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa and Clement Ezeaku Anikezie and Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy and Victoria Ada Abodenyi and Eduzor Esther and Samuel Emmanuel},
  title = {Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20230901.13},
  abstract = {Four groups of rats (three in each cage) were fed with conventional feed, supplemented with known percentages of crushed garlic paste – thoroughly mixed (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%). A fifth group – control was fed with garlic free feed. In the second phase of the work, three groups of three rats each, were kept in separate cages and fed with conventional rat feeds supplemented with 5% fresh garlic which was incooperated into the feed as (i) garlic water extract – sample G (ii) garlic paste/honey mix – sample H (iii) crushed garlic paste – sample I. The rats in both phases were fed for twenty one (21) days, during which period the weights, feed intake and weight of droppings were recorded at three days’ intervals. The blood samples of the experimental rats were also harvested at the end of 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. Result of the preliminary experiments showed that group A rats (fed with 5% garlic supplemented feed) had a significantly lower level of total cholesterol 6.5 Mmol/ml compared to 7.3Mmol/ml of the control (group E). In the second phase, the 5% garlic incooperated as crushed garlic, recorded low density lipoprotein (LDL) of 0.5 Mmol/ml compared to 1.2 and 1.1 Mmol/ml shown respectively by the control an d group C (garlic water extract) groups respectively. Ingesting or applying garlic in different therapeutic forms was shown or demonstrated to be capable of producing different results with regards to studied lipid parameters.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Application of Garlic in Management of Atherosclerosis: Tolerance and Impact of Some Local Therapies on Common Parameters of Lipid Analysis
AU  - Uhiara Ngozi Sunday
AU  - Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa
AU  - Clement Ezeaku Anikezie
AU  - Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy
AU  - Victoria Ada Abodenyi
AU  - Eduzor Esther
AU  - Samuel Emmanuel
Y1  - 2023/04/11
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 13
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.13
AB  - Four groups of rats (three in each cage) were fed with conventional feed, supplemented with known percentages of crushed garlic paste – thoroughly mixed (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%). A fifth group – control was fed with garlic free feed. In the second phase of the work, three groups of three rats each, were kept in separate cages and fed with conventional rat feeds supplemented with 5% fresh garlic which was incooperated into the feed as (i) garlic water extract – sample G (ii) garlic paste/honey mix – sample H (iii) crushed garlic paste – sample I. The rats in both phases were fed for twenty one (21) days, during which period the weights, feed intake and weight of droppings were recorded at three days’ intervals. The blood samples of the experimental rats were also harvested at the end of 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. Result of the preliminary experiments showed that group A rats (fed with 5% garlic supplemented feed) had a significantly lower level of total cholesterol 6.5 Mmol/ml compared to 7.3Mmol/ml of the control (group E). In the second phase, the 5% garlic incooperated as crushed garlic, recorded low density lipoprotein (LDL) of 0.5 Mmol/ml compared to 1.2 and 1.1 Mmol/ml shown respectively by the control an d group C (garlic water extract) groups respectively. Ingesting or applying garlic in different therapeutic forms was shown or demonstrated to be capable of producing different results with regards to studied lipid parameters.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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